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1.
集装箱班轮运输业如何在追求成本经济性和服务可靠性的同时做好环境可持续性,对航
运企业、港口运营商以及政府组织都提出了新的挑战。围绕集装箱班轮运输在环境层面实现可
持续发展的目标,本文分别从战略、战术和运营等3个层面就措施、技术和规章制度等所做的研究
进行文献综述、分析发展趋势。战略层面,从市场减排机制和政策的制定、绿色政策、技术及措施
评估和企业竞争与合作等3个方面综述;战术层面,从控制油耗或碳排放的班轮运营优化、预调度
式的绿色班轮运营优化和污染排放控制区的设立对班轮运营优化的影响等3个方面综述;在运营
层面,从控制排放的集装箱调运和反应式的绿色班轮运营优化等两方面综述。按照决策水平、时
间脉络和研究主题分析后发现,该领域的研究趋势变化与行业及政府的环境政策紧密关联。其 次,从决策水平和问题类别来看,针对战术层决策的研究远多于针对战略和执行两层。第三,从
决策主体来看,大部分研究以航运公司作为单独的决策主体。本文建议:继续在优化班轮运输中
考虑多目标,将多目标优化作为决策手段可兼顾经济、环境以及社会责任,有利于航运可持续发
展;结合行业实践提炼科学问题,国际航运、尤其班轮运输极易受到政策导向、世界经济环境的影
响;从供应链角度研究集装箱班轮运输的可持续发展问题;为配合在运营层面的努力,还要研究
通过技术途径或手段推动班轮运输业可持续发展;借鉴其他运输行业较为成熟的绿色环保发展
思路促进班轮运输环境可持续发展。 相似文献
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Sönke Kraft Julien Causse Frédéric Coudert 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2018,56(2):190-220
The assessment of the geometry of railway tracks is an indispensable requirement for safe rail traffic. Defects which represent a risk for the safety of the train have to be identified and the necessary measures taken. According to current standards, amplitude thresholds are applied to the track geometry parameters measured by recording cars. This geometry-based assessment has proved its value but suffers from the low correlation between the geometry parameters and the vehicle reactions. Experience shows that some defects leading to critical vehicle reactions are underestimated by this approach. The use of vehicle responses in the track geometry assessment process allows identifying critical defects and improving the maintenance operations. This work presents a vehicle response-based assessment method using multi-body simulation. The choice of the relevant operation conditions and the estimation of the simulation uncertainty are outlined. The defects are identified from exceedances of track geometry and vehicle response parameters. They are then classified using clustering methods and the correlation with vehicle response is analysed. The use of vehicle responses allows the detection of critical defects which are not identified from geometry parameters. 相似文献
4.
在转子系统的频率响应分析中,不确定性广泛存在,并且对分析结果有较大的影响。本文提出了一种面向含区间不确定性转子系统频响分析的序贯代理模型方法。基于区间数学以及转子动力学理论,本文首先建立了含区间参数转子系统频响的控制方程。基于传统的静态代理模型提出了面向转子系统区间分析的序贯代理模型方法。该方法首先通过叫少量的样本点构造粗糙代理模型,再提出了两个指标函数进行下一阶段的选点。重复该过程,直到满足收敛条件,最终可以得到转子系统频率响应的精细代理模型,进而得到区间边界。和传统的区间分析方法相比,该方法精度高,适合非线性问题。 相似文献
5.
Nicholas B. Taylor 《运输规划与技术》2018,41(1):37-57
ABSTRACTPredicting the risk of traffic demands and delays exceeding critical limits at road junctions, airports, hospitals, etc., requires knowing how both mean and variance of queue size vary over time. Microscopic simulation can explore variability but is computationally demanding and gives only sample results. A computationally efficient approximation to the mean is used in many modelling tools, but only empirical extensions for variance in particular situations have been available. The paper derives theoretical formulae for time-dependent and equilibrium variance, believed to be novel and to apply generally to queues covered by the Pollaczek–Khinchin mean formula, and offering possible structural insights. These are applied in an extended approximation giving mutually consistent mean and variance estimates with improved accuracy. Tests on oversaturated peak demand cases are compared with Markov probabilistic simulation, demonstrating accuracy (R2?>?0.99) for typical random, priority-like (M/M/1) and traffic-signal-like (M/D/1) queues. Implications for risk analysis, planning and policy are considered. 相似文献
6.
The present paper presents a data-driven method for assessing the resilience of the European passenger transport network during extreme weather events. The method aims to fill in the gap of current research efforts regarding the quantification of impacts attributed to climate change and the identification of substitutability opportunities between transport modes in case of extreme weather events (EWE). The proposed method consists of three steps concerning the probability estimation of an EWE occurring within a transportation network, the assessment of its impacts and the passengers’ flow shift between various transport modes. A mathematical formulation for the proposed data-driven method is provided and applied in an indicative European small-scale network, in order to assess the impacts of EWE on modal choice. Results are expressed in passenger differentiated flows and the paper concludes with future research steps and directions. 相似文献
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This paper proposes a new scheduled-based transit assignment model. Unlike other schedule-based models in the literature, we consider supply uncertainties and assume that users adopt strategies to travel from their origins to their destinations. We present an analytical formulation to ensure that on-board passengers continuing to the next stop have priority and waiting passengers are loaded on a first-come-first-serve basis. We propose an analytical model that captures the stochastic nature of the transit schedules and in-vehicle travel times due to road conditions, incidents, or adverse weather. We adopt a mean variance approach that can consider the covariance of travel time between links in a space–time graph but still lead to a robust transit network loading procedure when optimal strategies are adopted. The proposed model is formulated as a user equilibrium problem and solved by an MSA-type algorithm. Numerical results are reported to show the effects of supply uncertainties on the travel strategies and departure times of passengers. 相似文献
9.
Knowledge on human behaviour in emergency is crucial to increase the safety of buildings and transportation systems. Decision making during evacuations implies different choices, of which one of the most important concerns is the escape route. The choice of a route may involve local decisions on alternative exits from an enclosed environment. This study investigates the effect of environmental (presence of smoke, emergency lighting and distance of exit) and social factors (interaction with evacuees close to the exits and with those near the decision-maker) on local exit choice. This goal is pursued using an online stated preference survey carried out making use of non-immersive virtual reality. A sample of 1503 participants is obtained and a mixed logit model is calibrated using these data. The model shows that the presence of smoke, emergency lighting, distance of exit, number of evacuees near the exits and the decision-maker and flow of evacuees through the exits significantly affect local exit choice. Moreover, the model indicates that decision making is affected by a high degree of behavioural uncertainty. Our findings support the improvement of evacuation models and the accuracy of their results, which can assist in designing and managing building and transportation systems. The main aim of this study is to enrich the understanding of how local exit choices are made and how behavioural uncertainty affects these choices. 相似文献
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